A certificate authority is a trusted organization that issues digital certificates to websites, businesses, and also individuals. When a CA issues an SSL certificate, it verifies the website domain and the organization behind it. This helps validate the trust between users and the website, ensuring that sensitive data is able
Over the weekend I ended up taking both ENSLD and my Palo Alto NGFW engineer exam. I originally thought I would pass ENSLD and fail my Palo Alto certification, but it was the other way around. I realized during my testing for ENSLD there was some stuff I forgot because
It has been a while since I have posted on here. It has been a crazy busy week and a half, and I have two big exams coming up on Friday. I am taking CCNP ENSLD for my third CCNP and the Palo Alto NGFW engineer exam. I am confident
SSL, also known as Secure Sockets Layer, is an encryption-based internet security protocol. The purpose of it is to ensure privacy, authentication, and data integrity in internet communication. This is the predecessor to TLS encryption, which is used today. So how does it work? SSL encrypts data that is transmitted
Back to the basics with this one. These are two core protocols in networking, they are used for sending data over the internet and other networks. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and is used for reliable connections. UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol and it is used for fast
Studying is tedious, it can be boring at times, hard to focus, etc. It's easy to get distracted by Instagram reels, TikTok's, YouTube, and more. I wanted to give out my study techniques I use that personally work for me and I hope they can be
I wanted to take a break from the multicast as I have been writing a lot about it lately and studying it. Today I want to dive into enterprise network campus design. I also want to mention that in future blogs I might start adding lab examples. Right now my
Sparse mode requires an RP for a meeting point in the network for all multicast traffic. This can be manually configured, but that becomes tedious when dealing with many devices. This is where Auto-RP and BSR become useful. Auto-RP is a Cisco proprietary protocol, and it involves two roles: the
PIM Sparse Mode To start off, we have PIM Sparse Mode. In sparse mode, we don’t forward any multicast traffic unless someone actually requests it. So when a host wants multicast traffic, how does it know where to get it from? That’s where something called an RP (Rendezvous
As I stated in the last post, there are three versions of IGMP. These are V1, V2, and V3. So what are the differences? I will be explaining that, and I also want to just quickly go over what IGMP is. IGMP is when a host tells a router that
Multicast is a way we can send traffic. Just like unicast (one to one), broadcast (one source to everyone), and then we have multicast. Multicast is one to many, not everyone. This means we are able to send traffic to a group of receivers. Why would we ever want to
For a lot of people QoS is a very hard concept to grasp and understand. This is understandable as there is a lot that goes into it and a lot to learn. In this post I want to go over the different types of QoS Models. There are three main